Fiber mai aiki shine ya nuna ban da kayan aikin jiki da na injiniya wanda babban wurin fiber ke da shi, har yanzu yana da fiber ɗin sinadarai iri ɗaya ko wasu nau'ikan ayyuka na musamman, jira aikin kamar hygroscopic, adana zafi, antibacterial, antistatic. Zaɓuɓɓuka masu aiki ba za su iya ba da amsa kawai ba da aiki don saduwa da wani buƙatu da manufa, amma kuma suna amsawa da tunawa da rayayye, wanda ake kira filaye masu wayo.

Gabaɗaya za a iya raba filaye masu aiki zuwa nau'i biyu. Ɗaya shine filaye masu gyare-gyaren aiki waɗanda aka yi niyya ga filaye na al'ada, wato, filaye na al'ada suna da sababbin ayyuka na musamman a cikin ilimin halittar jiki gaba ɗaya da aiki ta hanyar fasaha na gyaran jiki da sinadarai, kamar gudanarwa, ajiyar wutar lantarki, ajiyar zafi, watsawa, rabuwa, photoelectric, biocompatibility. , da dai sauransu Wani nau'i ne na high yi fiber tare da ayyuka na musamman, kullum yana nufin halaye na high tenacity, high modules, high zafin jiki juriya, sinadaran lalata juriya da sauran kaddarorin na fiber, ta ga waje jiki effects kamar danniya, zafi zafi. , haske, wutar lantarki ko sinadarai juriya ne na al'ada zaruruwa, kamar carbon fiber, gilashin fiber, matsananci-high kwayoyin nauyi polyethylene fiber, aramid fiber, polyimide fiber, PPS fiber, basalt fiber, da dai sauransu Fiber aiki ba kawai amfani da tufafi. da kuma kayan gida, amma kuma yana da fa'idar aikace-aikace mai fa'ida a fagen sufuri, gini, ni kula da dical, jirgin sama da sararin samaniya.

1. Fasahar sarrafa fiber na musamman

Yawancin hanyoyin shirye-shiryen filaye masu gyare-gyaren aiki sune gyaran jiki ko sinadarai na kayan fiber gama gari. Hanyoyin da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da canza siffar rami na spinneret, ƙara foda mai aiki zuwa maganin kadi, kadi mai haɗaka biyu, copolymerization, da dai sauransu. .

Zane-zane na tsarin fiber profiled

Dangane da aikin samarwa, COOLMAX® polyester fiber na INVISTA (INVISTA) ya kasu kashi "goma" da kuma sabon "co" siffar da aka bunkasa a farkon mataki. Fiber na Aerocool wanda kamfanin HYOSUNG na Koriya ta Kudu ya kirkira an yi shi da siffa mai kama da ganyen “alfalfa” mai ganye hudu, tare da kyakykyawan sha da gumi. Fiber ɗin da TEIJIN ya gabatar da shi an yi shi ne da filaye mai ɗorewa kuma an haɗa shi da wani yanki mara tushe a gefen fiber ɗin. Yana da aikin tsotse gumi a cikin ɓacin rai don ajiya ko sakin zufan da aka adana a cikin jiki. Inweida THERMOLITE® polyester m fiber, kwaikwayo na polar bear ulu samar, kyakkyawan aikin rufi, dace da yin ski shirts, hawan dutse da sauransu. Ci gaban cikin gida yana da nasara sosai kuma masana'antu na fiberd-section fiber shima yana da yawa, gami da Quanzhou Haitian ƙaddamar da Coolry® danshi mai narkewa da fiber magudanar gumi, yizheng sinadarai na fiber ci gaban Coolbst danshi jagora cikin sauri bushe fiber bambancin fiber, Taiwan zhongxing ɓullo da Coolplus danshi sha. da fiber magudanar zufa, Taiwan haojie ta ƙaddamar da Technofine sha danshi da gumi magudanar ruwa polyester fiber.

2. Haɗa fasahar siliki

Ta ƙara aikin masterbatch, foda da reagents cikin maganin kadi, sabon kayan fiber tare da ayyuka na dindindin kuma ana iya shirya su ta hanyar haɗawa. Ɗaukar masterbatch na aiki a matsayin misali, an yi amfani da shi sosai don inganta haɓakar harshen wuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, juriya na sinadarai da juriya na fiber polyester, fiber polyamide da sake farfado da fiber cellulose.

Common sinadaran fiber masterbatch kayayyakin

Dangane da aikace-aikacen fasahar siliki da aka haɗa, lokacin da sarrafa ƙwayoyin cuta da deodorization na zaruruwa daban-daban, ana iya ƙara abubuwan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta irin su zinc oxide, silver chloride, silver nitrate, jan karfe oxide, cuprous chloride, jan karfe sulfate da sauran barbashi a cikin ruwa mai juyawa. ta hanyar amfani da fasahar Nano don samar da zaruruwan ƙwayoyin cuta. Uv garkuwar wakili an ƙara a cikin kadi bayani, kamar nanoscale titanium dioxide, gubar monoxide, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, alumina, baƙin ƙarfe oxide, manganese borate, aluminum silicate, da dai sauransu, da kuma shirya uv-hujja fiber yana da halaye na sha ultraviolet ray tare da tsayin daka na 200-400nm. Abubuwan da ba su da halogen na harshen wuta kamar su poly (p-phenylsulfone) phenylphosphonate ester, cyclic phosphate ester da organosilicone an ƙara su a cikin narke ko bayani don gyara jinkirin harshen wuta na fiber polypropylene, fiber polyacrylonitrile da fiber polyester. Ta hanyar gabatar da graphene nanoparticles a cikin matrix fiber polymer kamar viscose, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile da polyvinyl barasa, graphene / polymer composite fiber za a iya haɓaka don inganta ƙarfin, juriya mai zafi, anti-ultraviolet, anti-kwayan cuta da anti-static Properties na polymer. zaren. Babban samfuran sune fiber na mica, fiber jade, shinkafa da fiber alkama, fiber yumbu, fiber dutse taiji da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, ta hanyar fasahar ƙari na microcapsule, ana ƙara microcapsule wanda ke ɗauke da ɓangarorin aiki a cikin ruwa mai jujjuya yayin aiwatar da fiber na sinadarai, wanda zai iya shirya fiber aromatic, fiber mai ƙarancin wuta na yanayi, canjin yanayi-canza fiber mai sarrafa fiber, fiber mai canza launi da sauransu.

3. Haɗe-haɗe fasahar kadi

Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙira, wanda a cikinsa ake jujjuya polymers biyu ko sama da haka ko polymer iri ɗaya tare da kaddarorin daban-daban a cikin fiber guda ta hanyar spinneret iri ɗaya, yana buƙatar ƙarin kayan sarrafawa. Zaɓuɓɓuka masu haɗaka, kamar nau'in layi ɗaya, nau'in nau'in asali da nau'in tsibiri na teku, ana iya samun su akan wannan sashin giciye. Fiber ɗin da aka haɗa ba kawai zai iya magance ƙwanƙwasa na dindindin da elasticity na fiber ba, amma kuma yana ba da halaye na rini mai sauƙi, jinkirin harshen wuta, antistatic da haɓakar danshi mai girma ta hanyar ci gaba da ɗaukar abubuwa da yawa. Irin su harsashi bicomponent PTT da T400 invista kamfanin na roba fiber duk ta PET da PTT fili kadi da, iri biyu. yarn yana da nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i na nau'i) da kuma juriya mai kyau. spandex rini, wuce haddi na roba, rashin kwanciyar hankali na saƙa mai rikitarwa, girman masana'anta da tsufa na spandex a cikin aiwatar da amfani, da sauran batutuwa masu yawa; The harshen retardant composite fiber sanya ta composite kadi tare da gauraya ko copolymer harshen retardant high polymer matsayin core da na kowa high polymer kamar yadda fata iya kauce wa discoloration da matalauta haske juriya na harshen wuta retardant fiber da inganta da kwanciyar hankali na harshen retardant yi da rini yi. Tare da low narkewa batu karfe ko gami a matsayin core Layer da PET a matsayin bawo, wani sabon nau'i na composite fiber da electromagnetic radiation an ɓullo da, wanda solves da matsalolin data kasance electromagnetic garkuwa fiber shafi kasancewa da sauki ga oxidization, ba sauki ga rini da matalauta. jin hannu.

4. Graft copolymerization fasahar gyarawa

Hanyar tana cikin gyare-gyaren sinadarai na fiber, kuma tsarin samar da shi yana da tsawo kuma farashin samarwa yana da yawa. Copolymerization shine polymerization na monomers biyu ko fiye a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi. Grafting shine tsarin sinadarai wanda za'a iya haɗa babban sarkar kwayoyin fiber zuwa rukunin da ake buƙata. Idan an ɗauki hanyar grafting na radiation ko hanyar sinadarai, ana amfani da mahadi masu amsawa waɗanda ke ɗauke da phosphorus da halogen don gyaran wuta na polyester, barasa na polyvinyl da sauran zaruruwa, waɗanda ke da dorewa mai kyau. By grafting copolymerization, hydrophilic kungiyoyin kamar hydroxyl kungiyar, carboxyl kungiyar, amide kungiyar da kuma amino kungiyar da aka gabatar a cikin macromolecular tsarin na fiber, wanda zai iya inganta hygroscopic, gumi da antistatic Properties na fiber. Hanya ce mai tsafta mai tsafta wacce za'a canza fiber ta hanyar kunna sama da grafting tare da hasken wuta mai ƙarfi, hasken ultraviolet mai ƙarfi ko hasken laser ko ƙarancin zafin jiki.

Don ƙarin bayani, don Allah a kula da rahoton bunƙasa kayayyakin masaka na kasar Sin a shekarar 2019.

(Madogararsa: Jagoran Yadi na hukuma micro)